Intervenciones educativas en asma infantil: Una revisión sistemática / Educational interventions in childhood asthma: A systematic review

Objetivo: Analizar intervenciones educativas en pacientes pediátricos asmáticos para conseguir una técnica adecuada de inhalación y mejorar su automanejo. Diseño: Revisión sistemática basándose en las recomendaciones PRISMA. Fuentes de datos: Se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Cuiden, Web of Science y Google académico. Selección de estudios: Se incluyeron 16 artículos publicados entre 2014-2021, con acceso a texto completo, idiomas: inglés, francés y español y población pediátrica: 0-18 años. Extracción de datos: Participaron 2.313 niños/as. Las variables analizadas fueron: nivel asistencial, tipo de intervención, realización correcta de la técnica de inhalación, seguimiento de la técnica, entrega de recomendaciones por escrito, categoría profesional-educador, variables relacionadas con la patología respiratoria, absentismo escolar, calidad de vida y costes económicos. Resultados: El nivel de atención sanitaria fue atención primaria, hospitalaria y comunitaria, donde destacaron como educadores: médicos especialistas, enfermeras y farmacéuticos. Las intervenciones educativas más prevalentes son demostración in situ y entrega de recomendaciones o intervenciones multimedia. Varios artículos reportan que no se realiza correctamente la educación en asma, otros enuncian que su técnica mejora tras la intervención, pero la mayoría de ellos resalta la importancia de una revisión periódica de la técnica. Conclusiones: Los autores refieren mejoría de la técnica de inhalación en todas ellas, así como un mayor automanejo de la enfermedad y adherencia al tratamiento. Es necesario intensificar la educación a los pacientes en el correcto manejo de los dispositivos, y el seguimiento y revisión posterior para optimizar el control de la enfermedad.(AU)

Objective: To analyze educational interventions in pediatric asthmatic patients to achieve an adequate inhalation technique and improve their self-management. Design: Systematic review based on the PRISMA recommendations. Data sources: Pubmed, Scopus, Cuiden, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. Study selection: Sixteen articles published between 2014 and 2021 were included, with access to full text, languages: English, French and Spanish and pediatric population: 0–18 years. Data extraction: Two thousand three hundred and thirteen children were participated. The variables analyzed were: level of care, type of intervention, correct performance of the inhalation technique, follow-up of the technique, delivery of written recommendations, professional-educator category, variables related to respiratory pathology, school absenteeism, quality of life and economic costs. Results: The health care level was primary, hospital and community care, where specialist doctors, nurses and pharmacists stood out as educators. The most prevalent educational interventions are on-site demonstration and delivery of recommendations or multimedia interventions. Several articles report that asthma education is not carried out correctly, others state that their technique improves after the intervention, but most of them highlight the importance of periodic review of the technique. Conclusions: The authors report improvement in the inhalation technique in all of them, as well as greater self-management of the disease and adherence to treatment. It is necessary to intensify the education of patients in the correct handling of the devices, and the follow-up and subsequent review to optimize the control of the disease.(AU)

[Educational interventions in childhood asthma: A systematic review]. / Intervenciones educativas en asma infantil: Una revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze educational interventions in pediatric asthmatic patients to achieve an adequate inhalation technique and improve their self-management. DESIGN: Systematic review based on the PRISMA recommendations. DATA SOURCES: Pubmed, Scopus, Cuiden, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Sixteen articles published between 2014 and 2021 were included, with access to full text, languages: English, French and Spanish and pediatric population: 0-18 years. DATA EXTRACTION: Two thousand three hundred and thirteen children were participated. The variables analyzed were: level of care, type of intervention, correct performance of the inhalation technique, follow-up of the technique, delivery of written recommendations, professional-educator category, variables related to respiratory pathology, school absenteeism, quality of life and economic costs. RESULTS: The health care level was primary, hospital and community care, where specialist doctors, nurses and pharmacists stood out as educators. The most prevalent educational interventions are on-site demonstration and delivery of recommendations or multimedia interventions. Several articles report that asthma education is not carried out correctly, others state that their technique improves after the intervention, but most of them highlight the importance of periodic review of the technique. CONCLUSIONS: The authors report improvement in the inhalation technique in all of them, as well as greater self-management of the disease and adherence to treatment. It is necessary to intensify the education of patients in the correct handling of the devices, and the follow-up and subsequent review to optimize the control of the disease.

Ageism and nursing students, past or reality?: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarise and update existing knowledge about ageism among nursing students through the following research question: what is the perception and attitudes of ageism among student nurses? DESIGN: A systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageism in nursing students was carried out. DATA SOURCES: The literature search was conducted in the scientific databases Pubmed and Scopus in February 2021. REVIEW METHODS: After the screening process, 22 studies meeting the selection criteria were selected; 8 more were identified after manually searching the selected paper' reference lists. A total of 30 studies were included in the review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional studies and for Cohort Studies were used to appraise the articles' quality. RESULTS: There was large variability in the manifestation of ageism among student nurses, as well as in the instruments used for assessment. Most of the articles analysed attitudes towards old age, the majority of which were positive. Being a female student, being on the final year of study and having regular contact or cohabitation with an older adult were three of the main determinants in the expression of positive attitudes towards the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that student nurses generally have positive attitudes towards old age, although ageist beliefs and discriminatory behaviours were identified and should be studied in greater depth. Training programs for future care professionals have a responsibility to educate from a non-stereotypical perspective based on current societal needs.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument (NSCI) to Spanish.

Professional self-concept in nurses is understood as the way nurses think and feel about themselves in their nursing role and is both a predictor of quality of care and a protective factor against burnout. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument in a sample of 483 Spanish registered nurses. In addition, we analyzed gender differences in its dimensions in the same sample. Internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha, while construct validity was assessed using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The differences between groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Factor distribution was different from the original model. A gender gap was observed in the Nurse Thinking and Perception of Capabilities dimensions with higher values in the women group, while in the Leadership dimension, higher values were observed in the men group. While the Spanish version of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument is a valid and reliable tool to measure this construct, the differences in its dimensions lead to a deeper understanding of the cultural differences in the construction of professional self-concept.

Percepción de los cuidados visibles e invisibles desde una doble perspectiva en una Unidad de Hemodiálisis / Perception of visible and invisible care from a double perspective in a Hemodialysis Unit

OBJETIVO: Analizar y comparar la percepción del cuidado desde la perspectiva de pacientes y enfermeras. Población: 42 pacientes y 34 enfermeras de un Servicio de Hemodiálisis. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal, en el que se administró a los participantes un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y la escala CIBISA. Resultados principales: El valor medio de la escala CIBISA en pacientes fue significativamente superior al del grupo de profesionales. No se observó asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas y la percepción de cuidados, tanto en el grupo de pacientes como en el de enfermeras. CONCLUSIÓN: Enfermeras y pacientes tienen un punto de vista diferente sobre los cuidados, siendo estos últimos los que dan más valor al cuidado invisible. Esto debe hacer reflexionar sobre la posición que las enfermeras adoptan con las personas que cuidan: tecnificación o cuidados

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the perception of care from the perspective of patients and nurses. Study population: 42 patients and 34 nurses from a hemodialysis service participated in the study. METHODOLOGY: Observational, descriptive transversal study, in which participants were given a questionnaire of sociodemographic variables and the CIBISA scale. MAIN RESULTS: The average value of the CIBISA scale in patients was significantly higher than that of the group of professionals. No association was observed between sociodemographic variables and the perception of care, both in the group of patients and in the group of nurses. CONCLUSION: Nurses and patients have a different view of care, the latter being the ones that give more value to invisible care. This should make you reflect on the position that nurses take with caregivers: technification or care

Análisis de las caídas en una residencia de ancianos y de la influencia del entorno / Analysis of the falls in a residence of elderly and the environmental influence

Introducción: La caída en el anciano es un síndrome geriátrico importante con una etiología multifactorial. Su porcentaje en instituciones es tres veces superior al que se da en la comunidad. Además, un 22% de estas se producen porque existen factores de riesgo extrínsecos, y en su mayoría evitables. Por ello, se debe trabajar en la adaptación de los factores ambientales. Objetivo: Analizar las caídas producidas en una residencia de ancianos durante 5 años describiendo los factores del entorno influyentes y explorar la asociación de las caídas con el riesgo de caídas medido con la escala de Tinetti. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con el que se obtuvo una muestra de 160 casos recogidos en los partes de caídas del centro. Resultados: El 73,1% de las personas que caían eran mujeres, con una media de edad de 85,73 años, sin que existan diferencias según sexo. El 73,1% de estas caídas coexistía con un riesgo alto según la escala de Tinetti. Es destacable que el 48,1% de las caídas se produjeron por la mañana; el lugar más habitual fue la habitación, con un 39,4%, y el tipo de suelo es el no antideslizante en un 79,4% de las ocasiones. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre las categorías de las distintas variables. Conclusión: Se observó un mayor número de caídas cuando existe un riesgo alto según la escala de Tinetti y coexiste algún factor ambiental. Por lo tanto, sería deseable incidir en la disminución de los riesgos ambientales, puesto que son factores modificables

Background: An elderly fall is an important geriatric syndrome with a multifactorial etiology. The average in institutions is three times higher than in the community. Furthermore, 22% of them are caused by extrinsic risk factors, most of them avoidable. Therefore, we must work in environmental factors adjustment. Objective: Analyze the falls in an elderly care home during 5 years, and describe all the environmental factors involved. Furthermore, this study was designed to explore the association between the falls and the risk of falls measured with Tinetti scale. Methods: a retrospective study was carried out, with 160 incidents documented in the care home falls reports. Results: 73.1% of the falls happened to females, with an age average of 85.73 years considering the whole sample. 73.1% of the falls coexisted with a high risk in Tinetti scale. It’s remarkable that 48.1% of the falls happened during the morning, the residents room as the most usual place (39.4%), and the floor wasn’t non-slide in 79.4% of the incidents. Significant differences between categories of different variables were obtained. Conclusions: A larger number of drops are observed when a high risk is notified in Tinetti scale and it coexists with some environmental factors. Therefore, it would be desirable to influence the reduction of environmental risk, as they are modifiable factors

[Diet quality in college students with different academic profile]. / CALIDAD DE LA DIETA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS CON DISTINTO PERFIL ACADÉMICO.

INTRODUCTION: We can find in Spain several university studies concerning diet and lifestyle, showing them as an effective strategy to prevent chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the energy and nutrient intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (DM) in a group of college students with different academic profile and to compare the quality of the diet among students attending degrees in Health Science (HS) and those attending other degree courses (not HS). METHODS: 77 students (80.3% female) from the Campus of Soria, 37 HS students and 40 not HS (mean age 21.2 ± 2.1 years), completed a questionnaire on socio-biographical data, the test KIDMED of adhesion to Mediterranean diet and recorded food intake for seven days. The amount of energy and nutrients was estimated using the software Nutriber (version 1.1.1.3r). Student t test or U Mann-Whitney were used to compare means of independent samples and the criterion of significance was set at p <0,05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The respondent students, regardless of their academic profile, follow a low calorie diet with more protein and fat consumption than the recommended amount, and less carbohydrate and fiber, which is reflected in the insufficient intake of some vitamins and minerals. However, we observed a higher percentage of respondents with high adhesion to the parameters of the DM in the HS group (51.4%) than in the No HS group (30.8%).

Introducción: En España son varios los estudios universitarios que abordan los temas de alimentación y estilo de vida, y demuestran que éstos son una estrategia eficaz para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes y la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico y comparar la calidad de la dieta entre estudiantes que cursan grados en Ciencias de la Salud (CS) y los de otras carreras (No CS). Métodos: 77 estudiantes (80,3% mujeres) del Campus de Soria, 37 de grados en CS y 40 de No CS de edad media 21,2 ± 2,1 años, cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-biográficos, el test KIDMED y registraron la ingesta de alimentos durante siete días. La estimación de la cantidad de energía y nutrientes se realizó mediante el programa informático NUTRIBER (versión 1.1.1.3r) y para la comparación de medias de muestras independientes se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney y el criterio de significación se estableció en p < 0,05. Resultados y Discusión: Los estudiantes encuestados, con independencia de su perfil académico, siguen una dieta hipocalórica con mayor consumo de proteínas y de grasas de las recomendadas y menor de hidratos de carbono y fibra, lo que se refleja en el aporte insuficiente de algunas vitaminas y minerales. A pesar de ello, observamos un mayor porcentaje de encuestados con adhesión alta a los parámetros de la DM en el grupo CS (51,4%) que en el grupo no CS (30,8 %).

Calidad de la dieta en estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico / Diet quality in college students with different academic profile

Introducción: En España son varios los estudios universitarios que abordan los temas de alimentación y estilo de vida, y demuestran que éstos son una estrategia eficaz para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes y la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico y comparar la calidad de la dieta entre estudiantes que cursan grados en Ciencias de la Salud (CS) y los de otras carreras (No CS). Métodos: 77 estudiantes (80,3% mujeres) del Campus de Soria, 37 de grados en CS y 40 de No CS de edad media 21,2 ± 2,1 años, cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-biográficos, el test KIDMED y registraron la ingesta de alimentos durante siete días. La estimación de la cantidad de energía y nutrientes se realizó mediante el programa informático NUTRIBER (versión 1.1.1.3r) y para la comparación de medias de muestras independientes se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney y el criterio de significación se estableció en p < 0,05. Resultados y Discusión: Los estudiantes encuestados, con independencia de su perfil académico, siguen una dieta hipocalórica con mayor consumo de proteínas y de grasas de las recomendadas y menor de hidratos de carbono y fibra, lo que se refleja en el aporte insuficiente de algunas vitaminas y minerales. A pesar de ello, observamos un mayor porcentaje de encuestados con adhesión alta a los parámetros de la DM en el grupo CS (51,4%) que en el grupo no CS (30,8 %) (AU)

Introduction: We can find in Spain several university studies concerning diet and lifestyle, showing them as an effective strategy to prevent chronic diseases. Objectives: To evaluate the energy and nutrient intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (DM) in a group of college students with different academic profile and to compare the quality of the diet among students attending degrees in Health Science (HS) and those attending other degree courses (not HS). Methods: 77 students (80.3% female) from the Campus of Soria, 37 HS students and 40 not HS (mean age 21.2 ± 2.1 years), completed a questionnaire on socio-biographical data, the test KIDMED of adhesion to Mediterranean diet and recorded food intake for seven days. The amount of energy and nutrients was estimated using the software Nutriber (version 1.1.1.3r). Student t test or U Mann-Whitney were used to compare means of independent samples and the criterion of significance was set at p<0,05. Results and discussion: The respondent students, regardless of their academic profile, follow a low calorie diet with more protein and fat consumption than the recommended amount, and less carbohydrate and fiber, which is reflected in the insufficient intake of some vitamins and minerals. However, we observed a higher percentage of respondents with high adhesion to the parameters of the DM in the HS group (51.4%) than in the No HS group (30.8%) (AU)